Therapeutic Da’wah Based in Pesantren: A Systematic Review of Islamic Psychosocial Communication in the Digital Media Era (Study of the ODGJ Pesantren Ainul Yakin Yogyakarta)

Abstract

Psychosocial disorders among santri with mental illness in Indonesian pesantren create spiritual collapse, social isolation, and long-term functional impairment that require integrated medical, psychosocial, and religious support. Existing studies on Islamic therapeutic communication in pesantren and on digital da‘wah develop in parallel and rarely intersect, so models of da‘wah explicitly designed as psychosocial interventions remain underexplored. This study aims to conceptualize a therapeutic da‘wah model that integrates face-to-face pesantren practices with new media for santri with psychosocial vulnerabilities at Pesantren Ainul Yaqin. Using a qualitative Systematic Literature Review, it analyzes Scopus and Sinta articles (2015–2026) on Islamic therapeutic communication, psychosocial rehabilitation in pesantren, and digital da‘wah, selected through three stages (identification, screening, eligibility) and synthesized via thematic, comparative, and integrative analysis. The discussion shows how Qur’anic concepts of nafs and qaulan, professional therapeutic stages (orientation–working–termination), and spiritual–familial rehabilitation practices in pesantren can be extended into digital spaces that support emotion regulation and spiritual reflection. The findings propose a five-component model of pesantren-based therapeutic da‘wah (actors, stages, hybrid channels, content, outcomes), positioning “therapeutic digital da‘wah” as a layer that prolongs and amplifies face-to-face rehabilitation rather than replacing it, while highlighting the need for mixed-method empirical studies to test its psychosocial impact.